Why the Great Wall Is More Than Just a “Wall”

At a roundtable discussion held in Qian'an, Tangshan, Hebei, scholars discussed the Great Wall’s historical functions and contemporary value. The participants认为 the Great Wall was not merely a defensive wall, but a threedimensional defense system that included town fortresses, garrison forts, border walls, and more. Experts pointed out that historically, the Great Wall was used not only for military defense, but also played a role in maintaining order along the northern frontier, reducing conflict, and promoting ethnic exchange and economic interaction. Along the Great Wall, rich social scenes also took shape, such as the daily life of garrison soldiers and border trade exchanges, reflecting the coexistence of boundary and connectivity. As for how to integrate historical relics into contemporary life, scholars proposed that the revitalization of cultural heritage should be based on respect for its authentic historical core, while introducing moderate innovation in how it is presented. For example, developing businesses such as cafés and homestays around the Great Wall can also become part of its inheritance and dissemination, as long as they are coordinated with heritage protection and historical expression.