Memory shortage raises costs for Apple, Microsoft and smaller device makers

A global memory shortage is pushing up costs across the consumer electronics industry, affecting large companies such as Apple and Microsoft as well as smaller hardware makers that have less room to absorb higher expenses. The shortage has been driven in part by strong demand from artificial intelligence chipmakers, which are using large amounts of DRAM and other memory components. That has made it harder for smaller firms to secure supply and has sharply increased prices for parts used in products ranging from routers and cameras to consoles and PCs. Some companies are already responding with higher prices or reduced product specifications. Apple recently raised prices on several iPads and Macs, while Microsoft increased the price of its Xbox Series S. Smaller companies, including GoPro and several niche electronics makers, are facing tighter margins, longer lead times and uncertainty over whether they can continue production at current product levels.